Understanding Pelvic Organ Prolapse: Causes and Management
Introduction
Pelvic organ prolapse (POP) is a condition where one or more pelvic organs, such as the bladder, uterus (or vault post hysterectomy), or rectum bulge into the vaginal canal. It is a common concern, affecting up to 50% of women who have given birth at some point in their lives. While prolapse is not life-threatening, it can significantly impact comfort, confidence, and quality of life.
Causes and Risk Factors
Pelvic organ prolapse typically develops due to weakening of the pelvic floor muscles and connective tissue. This weakening can occur gradually over time or following certain events.
Common causes include:
Vaginal childbirth (especially multiple deliveries or complicated labors)
Chronic straining (from constipation, chronic cough, or heavy lifting)
Menopause and decreased estrogen levels
Surgery or hysterectomy affecting pelvic support structures
Risk factors include:
Pregnancy and vaginal delivery
Aging
Obesity
Chronic respiratory conditions (causing frequent coughing)
Genetic predisposition to weaker connective tissue
Symptoms
Symptoms vary depending on the type and severity of prolapse.
Early symptoms may include:
A feeling of heaviness or pressure in the pelvis
A sensation of a bulge or something “falling out” in the vagina
Difficulty emptying the bladder or bowels fully
Increased urinary frequency or urgency
In more advanced cases, individuals may notice:
Visible bulge at the vaginal opening
Discomfort or pain with intercourse
Difficulty walking or exercising due to pelvic pressure
