Types of Lymphedema: Understanding Primary and Secondary Lymphedema

Primary Lymphedema:
Some individuals are born with a faulty lymphatic system, which can be due to genetics or developmental issues during fetal growth. This condition is known as primary lymphedema, and it is a lifelong condition with no known cure. However, with continuous management and care, individuals can improve their quality of life and minimize symptoms.

Secondary Lymphedema:
Other individuals may develop lymphedema due to damage or blockage in their lymphatic system. This is referred to as secondary lymphedema. One of the most common causes is cancer treatment. Surgeries involving the removal of lymph nodes (such as those for breast, cervical, prostate, or melanoma cancers) can disrupt the lymphatic system. Additionally, radiation therapy can damage lymph vessels and nodes, leading to the onset of secondary lymphedema. Other causes of secondary lymphedema include trauma from accidents, injuries, or burns.

Who is at Risk of Secondary Lymphedema?

Understanding your risk factors is crucial to preventing or delaying secondary lymphedema. Some common risk factors include:

• Cancer patients or survivors (especially after surgery or radiation involving lymph nodes)

• Surgical procedures or radiation therapy that impacts lymph nodes

• Accidents or injuries

• Severe burns

Tips to Reduce Your Risk of Secondary Lymphedema:

1. Take care of your skin: Avoid cuts, punctures, and other points of entry for infection.

2. Maintain a healthy weight: Excess weight can put extra strain on the lymphatic system.

3. Engage in daily deep breathing and exercises: These promote blood circulation and lymphatic flow.

4. Alert your healthcare provider: Inform them of your risk when undergoing bloodwork, blood pressure checks, or injections.

Early Signs of Lymphedema:

Being aware of the early signs can help in the early detection and management of lymphedema. Symptoms may include:

• A feeling of fullness or heaviness in the affected area

• Numbness, stiffness, or an achy sensation

• Tightness in the skin

• Decreased movement or flexibility

• Difficulty fitting into clothing, jewelry, or shoes

• Swelling in the affected limb or area

Treatment and Therapy for Lymphedema:

If you notice any early signs of lymphedema, it's important to consult your family doctor or healthcare provider immediately. Early diagnosis can lead to better treatment outcomes and prevent the condition from worsening.

Common lymphedema therapies include:

• Manual Lymph Drainage (MLD): A specialized massage technique that helps redirect lymphatic fluid to functioning lymph nodes.

• Compression Therapy: The use of compression garments to control swelling and support lymphatic drainage.

• Exercise: Tailored exercises designed to promote lymphatic flow and improve mobility.

• Skincare: Essential in preventing infections that could worsen the condition.

Other treatment options may include pneumatic compression, laser therapy, Kinesio taping, surgery, and medications. The goal of treatment is to reduce swelling, manage symptoms, and prevent further complications.

Lymphedema therapies should always be provided by a certified lymphedema therapist.

Information provided by www.lymphontario.ca